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概述¶

请求发生了什么？

让我们放大 Traefik 的架构，并讨论能够创建路由的组件。

首先，当您启动 Traefik 时，您可以定义入口点（在最基本的表单中，它们是端口号）。然后，路由器连接到这些入口点，分析传入的请求，以查看它们是否与一组规则匹配。如果他们这样做，路由器可能会使用中间件转换请求，然后再将它们转发给您的服务。

Architecture

明确的责任¶

Providers 发现您的基础设施上的服务（他们的 IP，健康......）
Entrypoints 侦听传入流量（端口，......）
Routers 分析请求（主机，路径，标头，SSL，......）
Services 将请求转发给您的服务（负载平衡，......）
Middlewares 可以根据请求更新请求或做出决策（身份验证，速率限制，标头......）

文件提供程序示例¶

下面是文件提供程序的完整配置文件的示例，该[文件提供程序]](../providers/file.md)将http://domain/whoami/请求转发到可访问的服务http://private/whoami-service/。在此过程中，Traefik 将确保用户已通过身份验证（使用 BasicAuth 中间件）。

静态配置：

File (TOML)

[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.web]
    # Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
    address = ":8081"

[providers]
  # Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
  [providers.file]
    filename = "dynamic_conf.toml"

File (YAML)

entryPoints:
  web:
    # Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
    address: :8081

providers:
  # Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
  file:
    filename: dynamic_conf.yml

CLI

# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
--entryPoints.web.address=:8081

# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
--providers.file.filename=dynamic_conf.toml

动态配置：

TOML

# http routing section
[http]
  [http.routers]
     # Define a connection between requests and services
     [http.routers.to-whoami]
      rule = "Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)"
      # If the rule matches, applies the middleware
      middlewares = ["test-user"]
      # If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
      service = "whoami"

  [http.middlewares]
    # Define an authentication mechanism
    [http.middlewares.test-user.basicAuth]
      users = ["test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/"]

  [http.services]
    # Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
    [http.services.whoami.loadBalancer]
      [[http.services.whoami.loadBalancer.servers]]
        url = "http://private/whoami-service"

YAML

# http routing section
http:
  routers:
    # Define a connection between requests and services
    to-whoami:
      rule:
        "Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)"
        # If the rule matches, applies the middleware
      middlewares:
        - test-user
      # If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
      service: whoami

  middlewares:
    # Define an authentication mechanism
    test-user:
      basicAuth:
        users:
          - test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/

  services:
    # Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
    whoami:
      loadBalancer:
        servers:
          - url: http://private/whoami-service

文件提供程序

在此示例中，我们使用文件提供程序. 即使它是配置Traefik的最不神奇的方式之一，它也明确地描述了每个可用的概念。

HTTP / TCP

在此示例中，我们仅为http请求定义了路由规则。 Traefik还支持TCP请求。要添加TCP路由器和TCP服务，请在TCP部分中声明它们，如下所示。

在whoami.traefik.io上为TLS请求添加TCP路由